Installing+Active+Directory+on+Windows+Server+2008

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By [|Daniel Petri] - January 8, 2009 [|Printer Friendly Version] Microsoft Active Directory provides the structure to centralize the network management and store information about network resources across the entire domain. Active Directory uses Domain Controllers to keep this centralized storage available to network users. In order to configure a Windows Server 2008 machine to act as Domain Controller, several considerations and prerequisites should be taken into account, and several steps should be performed. In this article I will guide you through these prerequisites and steps of creating a new Windows Server 2008 Domain Controller for a new Active Directory domain in a new forest.
 * Installing Active Directory on Windows Server 2008**

When you install AD to create the first domain controller in a new Windows Server 2008 forest, you must keep the following considerations in mind:
 * Considerations when Installing a new Windows Server 2008 forest**
 * You must make forest and domain functional level decisions that determine whether your forest and domain can contain domain controllers that run Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, or both. To read more about forest and domain functional levels please refer to the links below.
 * Domain controllers running the Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 operating system are NOT supported with Windows Server 2008.
 * Servers running Windows NT Server 4.0 are NOT supported by domain controllers that are running Windows Server 2008, meaning you MUST have additional DCs running Windows 2000/2003 to support older NT 4.0 servers.
 * The first Windows Server 2008 domain controller in a forest must be a global catalog server and it cannot be an RODC.

When you install AD to create the first domain controller in a new Windows Server 2008 domain, you must keep the following considerations in mind:
 * Considerations when Installing a new Windows Server 2008 domain in an existing Windows 2000/2003 forest**
 * Before you create a new Windows Server 2008 domain in a Windows 2000/2003 forest, you must prepare the forest for Windows Server 2008 by extending the schema (that is, by running ADPREP /forestprep). To read more about ADPREP please refer to the links below or my " [|Windows Server 2008 ADPREP] " article.
 * You must make domain functional level decisions that determine whether your domain can contain domain controllers that run Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, or both. To read more about forest and domain functional levels please refer to the links below.
 * I recommend that you host the PDC emulator operations master role in the forest root domain on a domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008. For more information about FSMO Roles, please read my " [|Understanding FSMO Roles in Active Directory] " and " [|Transferring FSMO Roles] " articles.

Make sure you read and follow the requirements described in my "Active Directory on Windows Server 2008 Requirements" article. In Windows Server 2008, unlike previous server operating Systems, there is an additional step that needs to be taken before running DCPROMO to promote the server to Domain Controller and installing Active Directory on it. This step is the installation of Active Directory Domain Services (AD-DS) role on the server. In fact, the AD-DS role is what enables the server to act as a Domain Controller, but you will still need to run DCPROMO the regular way. AD-DS can be installed in one of 3 methods: Roles can and should be added from Server Manager (but they can also be initiated from the Initial Configuration Tasks wizard that auto-opens the first time you log on to the server).
 * General considerations**
 * Installing Active Directory Domain Services (AD-DS)**
 * Method 1 – Server Manager/Initial Configuration Tasks**
 * Open **Server Manager** by clicking the icon in the Quick Launch toolbar, or from the Administrative Tools folder.
 * Wait till it finishes loading, then click on **Roles > Add Roles** link.
 * In the Before you begin window, click **Next**.
 * In the Select Server Roles window, click to select **Active Directory Domain Services**, and then click **Next**.
 * In the Active Directory Domain Services window read the provided information if you want to, and then click **Next**.
 * In the Confirm Installation Selections, read the provided information if you want to, and then click **Next**.
 * Wait till the process completes.
 * When it ends, click **Close**.
 * Going back to Server Manager, click on the **Active Directory Domain Services link**, and note that there's no information linked to it, because the DCPROMO command has not been run yet.
 * Now you can click on the DCPROMO link, or read on.
 * To run DCPROMO, enter the command in the **Run** command, or click on the DCPROMO link from **Server Manager > Roles > Active Directory Domain Services**.
 * Depending upon the question if AD-DS was previously installed or not, the Active Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard will appear immediately or after a short while. Click **Next**.
 * In the Operating System Compatibility window, read the provided information and click **Next**.
 * In the Choosing Deployment Configuration window, click on "**Create a new domain in a new forest**" and click **Next**.
 * Enter an appropriate name for the new domain. Make sure you pick the right domain name, as renaming domains is a task you will not wish to perform on a daily basis. Click **Next**
 * Pick the right forest function level. Windows 2000 mode is the default, and it allows the addition of Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 Domain Controllers to the forest you're creating. Read my " [|Understanding Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Domain and Forest Functional Levels] " article for more information on that.
 * The wizard will perform checks to see if DNS is properly configured on the local network. In this case, no DNS server has been configured, therefore, the wizard will offer to automatically install DNS on this server.


 * Note:** The first DCs must also be a Global Catalog. Also, the first DCs in a forest cannot be a Read Only Domain controller.
 * It's most likely that you'll get a warning telling you that the server has one or more dynamic IP Addresses. Running **IPCONFIG /all** will show that this is not the case, because as you can clearly see, I have given the server a static IP Address. So, where did this come from? The answer is IPv6. I did not manually configure the IPv6 Address, hence the warning. In a network where IPv6 is not used, you can safely ignore this warning.
 * You'll probably get a warning about DNS delegation. Since no DNS has been configured yet, you can ignore the message and click **Yes**.
 * Next, change the paths for the AD database, log files and SYSVOL folder. For large deployments, carefully plan your DC configuration to get the maximum performance. When satisfied, click **Next**.
 * Enter the password for the Active Directory Recovery Mode. This password must be kept confidential, and because it stays constant while regular domain user passwords expire (based upon the password policy configured for the domain, the default is 42 days), it does not. This password should be complex and at least 7 characters long. I strongly suggest that you do NOT use the regular administrator's password, and that you write it down and securely store it. Click **Next**.
 * In the Summary window review your selections, and if required, save them to an unattend answer file. When satisfied, click **Next**.
 * The wizard will begin creating the Active Directory domain, and when finished, you will need to press **Finish** and reboot your computer.
 * Note:** You can automate the rebooting process by checking the Reboot on Completion checkbox.

To automate domain controller installations, you can use an answer file or you can specify unattended installation parameters at the command line. More on that in my " [|Creating an Unattend Installation File for DCPROMO in Windows Server 2008] " article.


 * Note:** As written in my " [|Installing Active Directory on Windows 2008 Server Core] " article, configuring a Windows Server 2008 Server Core machine REQUIRES you to perform an automated installation of Active Directory on that server, as there is NOT DCPROMO GUI on Server Core.

Your server now acts as a Domain Controller. Make sure you properly back it up. You can test functionality by using AD management tools such as Active Directory Users and Computers, examine the Event Logs, services and folders and shares that have been created.

[|AD DS Installation and Removal Step-by-Step Guide]
 * Links**

Servermanagercmd.exe is the command prompt equivalent of the Add Roles and Add Features wizards in Server Manager. Through the use of various command line options, you can quickly and easily add or remove features and roles to or from your server, including the AD-DS role. To install AD-DS by using Servermanagercmd.exe, simply enter the following command in the Command Prompt window: Servermanagercmd.exe –I ADDS-Domain-Controller Let the command run and when it finishes, AD-DS will be installed on the server.
 * Method 2 – Servermanagercmd.exe**

Oh yes. If you forget to install AD-DS or simply want to skip clicking on some windows, you can run DCPROMO from the Run command and before it is executed, the server will check to see if the AD-DS binaries are installed. Since they are not, they will auto-install.
 * Method 3 – Letting DCPROMO do the job**